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Description
Troy, with its 4,000 years of history, is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world. The first excavations at the site were undertaken by the famous archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in 1870. In scientific terms, its extensive remains are the most significant demonstration of the first contact between the civilizations of Anatolia and the Mediterranean world. Moreover, the siege of Troy by Spartan and Achaean warriors from Greece in...
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The Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas, built to the design of the architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva from the 1940s to the 1960s, is an outstanding example of the Modern Movement in architecture. The university campus integrates the large number of buildings and functions into a clearly articulated ensemble, including masterpieces of modern architecture and visual arts such as the Aula Magna with the Clouds of Alexander Calder, the Olympic Stadium,...
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Built in the early 8th century, this exceptionally well preserved desert castle was a fortress that from time to time was used both as a garrison and a residence for the Omayyad caliphs. The most outstanding features of this small pleasure palace are the reception halls and the baths, all richly decorated with figurative murals that reflect the secular art of the time.
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The Koutammakou landscape in northeastern Togo, which extends into neighboring Benin, is home to the Batammariba, whose remarkable mud tower-houses (takienta) have come to be seen as a symbol of Togo. In this landscape, nature is strongly associated with the rituals and beliefs of society. The 50,000-ha cultural landscape is remarkable due to the architecture of its tower-houses, which are a reflection of social structure; its farmland and forest;...
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After the discovery of the island in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, Santo Domingo became the site of the first cathedral, hospital, customs house and university in the Americas. This colonial town, which was founded in 1498, was laid out on a grid pattern, which became the model for almost all town-planners in the New World.
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The Temple of Haein-sa, on Mount Gaya, is home to the Tripitaka Koreana, the most complete collection of Buddhist texts, engraved on 80,000 woodblocks between 1237 and 1248. The buildings of Janggyeong Panjeon, which date from the 15th century, were constructed to house the woodblocks, which are also revered as exceptional works of art. As the oldest depository of the Tripitaka, they reveal an astonishing mastery of the invention and implementation...
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The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed in this hall in the heart of Philadelphia in 1776 and 1787, respectively. Since then, the universal principles set forth in these two documents of fundamental importance to American history have continued to guide lawmakers all over the world.
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The Jesuit Block in Córdoba, heart of the former Jesuit Province of Paraguay, contains the core buildings of the Jesuit system: the university, the church and residence of the Society of Jesus, and the college. Along with the five estancias, or farming estates, they contain religious and secular buildings which illustrate an unprecedented 150-year-long religious, social, and economic experiment carried out in the 17th and 18th centuries.
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Discovered in 1982, this 3rd-century B.C. Thracian tomb inspired by Greek design has a unique architectural decor with polychromed half-human/half-plant caryatids and painted murals. It is a remarkable reminder of the culture of the Getes, Thracian populations in contact with the Hellenistic and Hyperborean worlds, according to ancient geography.
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With one of the highest concentrations of rock art in the world, Tsodilo has been called the ''Louvre of the Desert.'' Over 4,500 paintings are preserved in an area of only 4 square miles of the Kalahari Desert. The archaeological record of the area gives a chronological account of human activities and environmental changes over at least 100,000 years. Local communities in this hostile environment respect Tsodilo as a place of worship frequented by...
Description
The mansion of Monticello and the "academical village" of the University of Virginia reflect the design of their architect, Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), who was strongly influenced by the Enlightenment. They are excellent examples of Neoclassicism, seen in the relationship of the buildings with nature and the blending of functionalism and symbolism.
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The contribution made by the people of "the low countries" to the technology of handling water is enormous, and this is admirably demonstrated by the installations in the Kinderdijk-Elshout area. Hydraulic works to drain the land for agriculture and settlement began in the Middle Ages and have continued uninterruptedly to the present day. The site contains all the relevant elements of this technology--dikes, reservoirs, pumping stations, administrative...
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Sucre, the first capital of Bolivia, was founded by the Spanish in the first half of the 16th century. Its many well-preserved 16th-century religious buildings, such as San Lázaro, San Francisco and Santo Domingo, illustrate the blending of local architectural traditions with styles imported from Europe.
Description
The colonial city of Valparaíso presents an excellent example of late-19th-century urban and architectural development in Latin America. In its natural amphitheater-like setting, the city is characterized by a vernacular urban fabric adapted to the hillsides that are dotted with a great variety of church spires. It contrasts with the geometrical layout utilized in the plain. The city has well preserved its interesting early industrial infrastructures,...
Description
In a spectacular landscape entirely sculpted by erosion, the Göreme valley and its surroundings contain rock-hewn sanctuaries that provide unique evidence of Byzantine art in the post-Iconoclastic period. Dwellings, troglodyte villages and underground towns--the remains of a traditional human habitat dating back to the 4th century--can also be seen there.
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Built on a site inhabited since the Paleolithic period, the Walled City of Baku reveals evidence of Zoroastrian, Sassanian, Arabic, Persian, Shirvani, Ottoman, and Russian presence in cultural continuity. The Inner City (Icheri Sheher) has preserved much of its 12th-century defensive walls. The 12th-century Maiden Tower (Giz Galasy) is built over earlier structures dating from the 7th to 6th centuries B.C., and the 15th-century Shirvanshahs' Palace...
Description
San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano covers 136 acres, including Mount Titano and the historic center of the city which dates back to the foundation of the republic as a city-state in the 13th century. San Marino is inscribed as a testimony to the continuity of a free republic since the Middle Ages. The inscribed city center includes fortification towers, walls, gates and bastions, as well as a neoclassical basilica of the 19th century, 14th...
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Founded in the 16th century on the ruins of an Inca city at an altitude of 9,350 feet, the capital of Ecuador has--despite the 1917 earthquake--the best-preserved and least-modified historic center in Latin America. The monasteries of San Francisco and Santo Domingo and the Church and the Jesuit College of La Compania, with their rich interior decorations, are pure examples of the "Baroque School of Quito," which is a fusion of Spanish, Italian, Moorish,...
Description
These five archaeological sites, stretching over nearly 40 miles in the Nile Valley, are testimony to the Napatan (900 to 270 BC) and Meroitic (270 BC to 350 AD) cultures of the Second Kingdom of Kush. Tombs with and without pyramids, temples, living complexes and palaces are to be found on the site. Since antiquity, the hill of Jebel Barkal has been strongly associated with religious traditions and folklore. The largest temples are still considered...