Chance in physical reality

Notions of random mixture and irreversibility

Centered distributions (normal curves) and uniform distributions

The discovery of a constant relationship in conflict with a fortuitous uniform distribution

Random drawings

Chance and "miracle" in the game of heads and tails

The random drawing of pairs

The quantification of probabilities

Combinatoric operations

The development of operations of combination

Operations of permutation

Operations of arrangement

Conclusion: chance, probability, and operations.