Understanding poverty-environment linkages at the household level

Poverty and environmental change at the macro scale

Environmental management and pathways to household welfare

Scope of the report

Some key conclusions

Local natural resources, poverty, and degradation: examining empirical regularities

The importance of environmental income to the poor

Commons as a source of insurance

The effect of growth on local resource use

Welfare impacts of degradation

The role of poverty in environmental change

Conclusions

Health outcomes and environmental pathogens

Theoretical linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions

Empirical evidence of linkages between health outcomes and environmental conditions

How robust are the empirical findings?

Conclusions and tentative policy implications

Household welfare and policy reforms

Selected policy reforms: evidence from case studies

Challenges and data limitations

Conclusions

Directions for change

Use of local natural resources

Design principles for improving environmental health

Better data for monitoring change

Policy reforms for managing the environment and reducing poverty

Moving forward.