Spanish borderlands, another kind of frontier

Conquistador explorers, 1513-1543

First settlements in the borderlands

First steps on the long road to Califorinia, 1591-1711

Far northern frontier in danger, 1680-1700

Borderlands become international

Texas, a defensive borderland, 1685-1731

Borderland irritants: the French and the Indians, 1700-1763

On to California, the last borderland, 1711-1784

Borderland reorganization: the provincias internas

Luisiana, a quasi-borderland, 1762-1800

Spain's last years in the borderlands, 1783-1821

Borderlands in North American history.