Pt. 1: the retreat from reconstruction

Unfinished task: the civil rights act of 1875

Reconstruction reconfirmed? the election of 1872

Reconstruction unravels, 1873-1876

Time, education, and bootstraps

The compromise of 1877

Crosscurrents and confusion, 1877-1880

The new south

Good-bye to the bloody shirt

Pt. 2: education for freedom

The roots of freedmen's education

Between black and white: puritans in Babylon

Paternalism and piety

Detour or mainstream? the curriculum of missionary schools

The segregation issue

Berea college

The struggle for black control

Pt. 3: the revival of militancy

The shattering of hope

Women's rights and anti-imperialism

History and biology

Booker T. Washington and the reaffirmation of gradualism

The rejection of gradualism and the founding of the NAACP.