Introduction to physical anthropology
(Book)
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GN60 .I57 2008
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GN60 .I57 2008
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction to physical anthropology
Introduction
What is anthropology?
Cultural anthropology
Archaeology
Linguistic anthropology
Physical anthropology
Physical anthropology and the scientific method
The anthropological perspective
At a glance : the scientific method
Issue : evaluation in science : lessons in critical thinking
[pt. 1.] Heredity and evolution
2. The development of evolutionary theory
Introduction
A brief history of evolutionary though
The scientific revolution
Precursors to the theory of evolution
The discovery of natural selection
In Darwin's shadow
Natural selection
Natural selection in action
At a glance : the mechanism of natural selection
Constraints on nineteenth-century evolutionary theory
Opposition to evolution today
A brief history of religion-based opposition to evolution in the United States
3. The biological basis of life
Introduction
The cell
DNA structure
A closer look : Rosalind Franklin : the fourth (but invisible) member of the Double Helix team
DNA replication
Protein synthesis
A closer look : characteristics of the DNA code
What is a gene?
A closer look : genetic junk and jumping genes regulatory genes
At a glance : Help! Coding and noncoding DNA
Mutation : when genes change
Chromosomes
Karyotyping chromosomes
Cell division
Mitosis
Meiosis
The evolutionary significance of meiosis
Problems with meiosis
New frontiers
Issue : stem cell research : promise and controversy
4. Heredity and evolution
Introduction
The genetic principles discovered by Mendel
Segregation
Dominance and recessiveness
Independent assortment
Mendelian inheritance in humans
Misconceptions about dominance and recessiveness
Patterns of inheritance
Sex-linked traits
Non-Mendelian inheritance
Polygenic inheritance
Pleiotropy
At a glance : Mendelian traits compared with polygenic traits
Mitochondrial inheritance
Genetic and environmental factors
Modern evolutionary theory
The modern synthesis
A closer look : development of modern evolutionary theory
A current definition of evolution
Factors that produce and redistribute variation
Mutation
Gene flow
Genetic drift
Recombination
Natural selection acts on variation
Review of genetics and evolutionary factors
New frontiers in research : molecular applications in forensic anthropology
5. Macroevolution : processes of vertebrate and mammalian evolution
Introduction
The human place in the organic world
Principles of classification
Constructing classifications and interpreting evolutionary relationships
At a glance : Comparing two approaches to interpretations of evolutionary relationships
Definition of species
Processes of speciation
Interpreting species and other groups in the fossil record
Vertebrate evolutionary history : a brief summary
Mammalian evolution
The emergence of major mammalian groups
Processes of macroevolution
Adaptive radiation
Generalized and specialized characteristics
Modes of evolutionary change
Issue : just when we thought things couldn't get any worse : bushmeat and ebola.
[pt. 2.] Primates
6. Survey of the living primates
Introduction
Primate characteristics
At a glance : primate cranial anatomy
Primate adaptations
Evolutionary factors
Geographical distribution and habitats
Diet and teeth
Locomotion
Primate classification
At a Glance : alternative classifications of great apes and humans
A survey of the living primates
Prosimians (lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers)
Anthropoids : monkeys, apes, and humans
Hominoids : apes and humans
Endangered primates
7. Primate behavior
Introduction
Primate field studies
The evolution of behavior
Some factors that influence social structure
Sympatric species
Five monkey species in the Kibale Forest, Uganda
Why be social?
Primate social behavior
Dominance
Communication
Aggressive and affiliative interactions
Reproduction and reproductive strategies
Female and male reproductive strategies
Sexual selection
Infanticide as a reproductive strategy?
Mothers, fathers, and infants
Issue : primates in biomedical research : ethics and concerns
8. Primate models for human behavioral evolution
Introduction
Human origins and behavior
Brain and body size
Language
The evolution of language
At a glance : evolution of human language
Primate cultural behavior
Aggressive interactions between groups
Affiliation, altruism, and cooperation
Altruism
The primate continuum
New frontiers in research : molecular applications in primatology
9. Overview of the fossil primates
Introduction
Background to primate evolution : late Mesozoic
Primate origins
Paleocene primate-like mammals
Out of order
Eocene primates
Lemur-like adapoids
Evolution of true lemurs and lorises
Tarsier-like omomyoids
A closer look : Texas and the last North American prosimians
Evolution of true tarsiers
Eocene and Oligocene early anthropoids
At a glance : prosimian vs. anthropoid characteristics
Oligocene primates
A closer look : primate diversity in the Fayum
True anthropoids
Early platyrrhines : New World anthropoids
At a glance : New World monkey vs. Old World monkey characteristics
Miocene primates
Monkeying around
A closer look : rafting and primate evolution
Aping monkeys
Hominoids, the true apes
At a glance : Old World monkey vs. ape characteristics
A closer look : discovery of the other Gigantopithecus
Evolution of extant hominoids
At a glance : biomolecular family tree.
[pt. 3.] Hominid evolution
10. Paleoanthropology : reconstructing early hominid behavior and ecology
Introduction
Definition of hominid
Biocultural evolution : the human capacity for culture
A closer look : what is a hominid?
The strategy of paleoanthropology
Paleoanthropology in action, Olduvai Gorge
Dating methods
At a glance : relative and chronometric dating
A closer look : chronometric dating estimates
Applications of dating methods : examples from Olduvai
Excavations at Olduvai
A closer look : who was doing what at Olduvai and the other Plio-Pleistocene sites?
Experimental archaeology
Stone tool (lithic) technology
Analysis of bone
Reconstruction of early hominid environments and behavior
Environmental explanations for hominid origins
A closer look : in search of ancient human ancestors, and a little shade
Why did hominids become bipedal?
Issue : the Piltdown caper : whodunit?
11. Hominid origins in Africa
Introduction
The bipedal adaptation
A closer book : major features of bipedal locomotion
Early hominids from Africa (pre-Australopithecus finds)
Earliest traces
Ardipithecus from Aramis (Ethiopia)
Australopithecus/Paranthropus from East Africa
At a glance : key very early fossil hominid discoveries (pre-Australopithecus : prior to 4 mya)
Australopithecus afarensis from Laetoli and Hadar
A closer look : cranial capacity
At a glance : abbreviations used for fossil hominid specimens
Another East African hominid
Later East African finds
Australopithecus and Paranthropus from Olduvai and Lake Turkana
Early Homo
At a glance : key East African Australopithecine and early Homo discoveries
Redefining the genus Homo?
South African sites
Earliest discoveries
Further discoveries of South African hominids
Review of hominids from South Africa
Geology and dating problems in South Africa
At a glance : key South African Pliocene and early Pleistocene hominid discoveries
Interpretations : what does it all mean?
Continuing uncertainties, taxonomic issues
Seeing the bigger picture
Seeing the very big picture : adaptive patterns of early African hominids
12. The earliest dispersal of the genus Homo: Homo erectus and contemporaries
Introduction
The life and times of Homo erectus
The morphology of Homo erectus
Body size
Brain size
Cranial shape
Who were the earliest African emigrants?
Historical overview of Homo erectus discoveries
Java
Homo erectus from Java
Peking (Beijing)
Zhoukoudian Homo erectus
A closer look : Dragon Bone Hill : cave home or hyena den?
Other Chinese sites
At a glance : key Homo erectus discoveries from Asia
East Africa
A closer look : the Nariokotome skeleton
At a glance : key Homo erectus discoveries from Africa
Summary of East African Homo erectus
Europe
At a glance : key Homo erectus (or contemporaries) discoveries from Europe
Technological trends in Homo erectus
A closer look : the sky is falling
Seeing the big picture : interpretations of Homo erectus
New frontiers in research : ancient DNA
13. Premodern humans
Introduction
When, where, and what
The Pleistocene
Dispersal of middle Pleistocene hominids
Middle Pleistocene hominids : terminology
Premodern humans of the middle Pleistocene
Africa
Europe
At a glance : key middle Pleistocene premodern human (H. heidelbergensis) fossils from Africa
At a glance : key middle Pleistocene premodern human (H. heidelbergensis) fossils from Europe
Asia
At a glance : key middle Pleistocene premodern human (H. heidelbergensis) fossils from Asia
A review of middle Pleistocene evolution
Middle Pleistocene culture
Neandertals : premodern humans of the late Pleistocene
Western Europe
Central Europe
Western Asia
Central Asia
Culture of Neandertals
Technology
At a glance : key Neandertal fossil discoveries
Subsistence
Speech and symbolic behavior
Burials
Genetic evidence
Trends in human evolution : understanding premodern humans
A closer look : are they human?
Issue : the evolution of language
14. The origin and dispersal of modern humans
Introduction
Approaches to understanding modern human origins
The complete replacement model : recent African evolution
Partial replacement models
The regional continuity model : multiregional evolution
Seeing the big picture
The earliest discoveries of modern humans
Africa
At a glance : key early modern Homo sapiens
Discoveries from Africa and the Near East
The Near East
Asia
Australia
Central Europe
Western Europe
At a glance : key early modern Homo sapiens
Discoveries from Europe, Asia, and Australia
A closer look : hybridization in the fossil record : what exactly were those hominids doing at Lagar Velho?
Something new and different
Technology and art in the upper Paleolithic
Europe
A closer look : maybe, you can take it with you
Africa
Summary of upper Paleolithic culture.
[pt. 4.] Contemporary human evolution
15. Modern human biology : patterns of variation
Introduction
Historical views of human variation
The concept of race
Racism
Intelligence
Contemporary interpretations of human variation
Human polymorphisms
Patterns of polymorphic variation
Polymorphisms at the DNA level
At a glance : genetic polymorphisms used to study human variation
Population genetics
At a glance : population genetics research
Calculating allele frequencies
A closer look : calculating allele frequencies : PTC tasting in a hypothetical population
Evolution in action : modern human populations
Nonrandom mating
Human biocultural evolution
Issue : racial purity : a false and dangerous ideology
16. Modern human biology : patterns of adaptation
Introduction
The adaptive significance of human variation
Solar radiation and skin color
A closer look : skin cancer and UV radiation
The thermal environment
High altitude
Infectious disease
At a glance : zoonoses and human infectious disease
The continuing impact of infectious disease
New frontiers in research : molecular applications in modern human biology
17. Legacies of human evolutionary history
Introduction
Evolution of human behavior and the life course
Biocultural evolution and the life cycle
Growth in gestation, infancy, and childhood
Nutritional effects on growth and development
A closer look : diabetes
At a glance : diet, lifestyle, and consequences
Onset of reproductive functioning in humans
Human longevity
Evolutionary medicine
Human impact on the planet and other life-forms
Impact on biodiversity
Acceleration of evolutionary processes
Is there any good news?
Are we still evolving?
Appendix A. Atlas of primate skeletal anatomy
Appendix B. Summary of early hominid fossil finds from Africa
Appendix C. Population genetics : the math of microevolution
Glossary.
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More Details
Format
Book
Physical Desc
xx, 531 pages : illustrations (some color), color maps ; 28 cm
Language
English
Notes
Bibliography
Includes bibliographical references (pages 487-510) and index.
Local note
SACFinal081324
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Citations
APA Citation, 7th Edition (style guide)
Jurmain, R., Kilgore, L., & Trevathan, W. (2008). Introduction to physical anthropology (11th ed.). Thomson Wadsworth.
Chicago / Turabian - Author Date Citation, 17th Edition (style guide)Jurmain, Robert, Lynn. Kilgore and Wenda. Trevathan. 2008. Introduction to Physical Anthropology. Thomson Wadsworth.
Chicago / Turabian - Humanities (Notes and Bibliography) Citation, 17th Edition (style guide)Jurmain, Robert, Lynn. Kilgore and Wenda. Trevathan. Introduction to Physical Anthropology Thomson Wadsworth, 2008.
MLA Citation, 9th Edition (style guide)Jurmain, Robert., Lynn Kilgore, and Wenda Trevathan. Introduction to Physical Anthropology 11th ed., Thomson Wadsworth, 2008.
Note! Citations contain only title, author, edition, publisher, and year published. Citations should be used as a guideline and should be double checked for accuracy. Citation formats are based on standards as of August 2021.
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