Machine generated contents note: pt. I Introduction to Developmental Psychology
ch. 1 Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies
Introduction to Developmental Psychology
Research Strategies: Basic Methods and Designs
Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
Detecting Relationships: Correlational, Experimental, and Cross-Cultural Designs
Focus on Research A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Gender Roles
Research Strategies and Studying Development
Research Designs for Studying Development
Ethical Considerations in Developmental Research
Applying Research to Your Life Becoming a Wise Consumer of Developmental Research
Themes in the Study of Human Development
The Continuity/Discontinuity Issue
The Holistic Nature of Development Theme
Contents note continued: pt. II Biological Foundations of Development
ch. 2 Hereditary Influences on Development
Principles of Hereditary Transmission
Growth of the Zygote and Production of Body Cells
Focus on Research Crossing-Over and Chromosome Segregation During Meiosis
Applying Research to Your Life Examples of Dominant and Recessive Traits in Human Heredity
Chromosomal Abnormalities
Predicting, Detecting, and Treating Hereditary Disorders
Detecting Hereditary Disorders
Treating Hereditary Disorders
Applying Research to Your Life Ethical Issues Surrounding Treatments for Hereditary Disorders
Hereditary Influences on Behavior
Theories of Heredity and Environment Interactions in Development.
Contents note continued: Contributions and Criticisms of the Behavioral Genetics Approach
The Ethological and Evolutionary Viewpoints
Assumptions of Classical Ethology
Ethology and Human Development
Modern Evolutionary Theory
Contributions and Criticisms of Ethological and Evolutionary Viewpoints
Applying Developmental Themes to Hereditary Influences on Development
ch. 3 Prenatal Development and Birth
Potential Problems in Prenatal Development
Characteristics of the Pregnant Woman
Prevention of Birth Defects
Birth and the Perinatal Environment
Labor and Delivery Medications
The Social Environment Surrounding Birth
Applying Research to Your Life Cultural and Historical Variations in Birthing Practices.
Contents note continued: Potential Problems at Birth
Prematurity and Low Birth Weight
Reproductive Risk and Capacity for Recovery
Applying Developmental Themes to Prenatal Development and Birth
The Newborn's Readiness for Life
Developmental Changes in Infant States
Applying Research to Your Life Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Research Methods Used to Study the Infant's Sensory and Perceptual Experiences
The Method of Evoked Potentials
The High-Amplitude Sucking Method
Infant Sensory Capabilities
Focus on Research Causes and Consequences of Hearing Loss
Touch, Temperature, and Pain
Visual Perception in Infancy
Perception of Patterns and Forms
Perception of Three-Dimensional Space
Contents note continued: Are the Senses Integrated at Birth?
Development of Intermodal Perception
Explaining Intermodal Perception
Cultural Influences on Infant Perception
Basic Learning Processes in Infancy
Habituation: Early Evidence of Information Processing and Memory
Newborn Imitation or Observational Learning
Focus on Research An Example of Observational Learning
Applying Developmental Themes to Infant Development, Perception, and Learning
ch. 5 Physical Development: The Brain, Body, Motor Skills, and Sexual Development
An Overview of Maturation and Growth
Changes in Height and Weight
Changes in Body Proportions
Variations in Physical Development
Neural Development and Plasticity
Brain Differentiation and Growth
Contents note continued: Basic Trends in Locomotor Development
Psychological Implications of Early Motor Development
Beyond Infancy: Motor Development in Childhood and Adolescence
Focus on Research Sports Participation and Self-Esteem Among Adolescent Females
Puberty: The Physical Transition from Child to Adult
The Adolescent Growth Spurt
Causes and Correlates of Physical Development
Applying Developmental Themes to Physical Development
pt. III Cognitive Development
ch. 6 Cognitive Development: Piaget's Theory and Vygotsky's Sociocultural Viewpoint
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
How We Gain Knowledge: Cognitive Schemes and Cognitive Processes
Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development
The Sensorimotor Stage (Birth to 2 Years).
Contents note continued: The Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 Years) and the Emergence of Symbolic Thought
Applying Research to Your Life Cognitive Development and Children's Humor
The Concrete-Operational Stage (7 to 11 Years)
The Formal-Operational Stage (11 to 12 Years and Beyond)
Focus on Research Children's Responses to a Hypothetical Proposition
An Evaluation of Piaget's Theory
Focus on Research Evaluating Piaget Through a Cross-Cultural Lens
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Perspective
The Role of Culture in Intellectual Development
The Social Origins of Early Cognitive Competencies and the Zone of Proximal Development
Implications for Education
The Role of Language in Cognitive Development
Vygotsky in Perspective: Summary and Evaluation
Applying Developmental Themes to Piaget's and Vygotsky's Theories
Contents note continued: ch. 7 Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives
Development of the Multistore Model
Developmental Differences in "Hardware": Information-Processing Capacity
Developmental Differences in "Software": Strategies and What Children Know About "Thinking"
Development of Memory: Retaining and Retrieving Information
The Development of Event and Autobiographical Memory
Applying Research to Your Life What Happened to Our Early Childhood Memories?
The Development of Memory Strategies
Development of Other Cognitive Skills
Evaluating the Information-Processing Perspective
Applying Developmental Themes to Information-Processing Perspectives
ch. 8 Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance
Psychometric Views of Intelligence.
Contents note continued: A Modern Information-Processing Viewpoint
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
How Is Intelligence Measured?
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Group Tests of Mental Performance
Newer Approaches to Intelligence Testing
Assessing Infant Intelligence
Stability of IQ in Childhood and Adolescence
What Do Intelligence Tests Predict?
IQ as a Predictor of Scholastic Achievement
IQ as a Predictor of Vocational Outcomes
IQ as a Predictor of Health, Adjustment, and Life Satisfaction
Factors That Influence IQ Scores
The Evidence for Heredity
The Evidence for Environment
The Evidence for the Transaction of Heredity and Environment
Social and Cultural Influences on Intellectual Performance
Social-Class and Ethnic Differences in IQ
Focus on Research Do Socioeconomic Differences Explain Ethnic Differences in IQ?
Improving Cognitive Performance Through Compensatory Education.
Contents note continued: Long-Term Follow-Ups
The Importance of Parental Involvement
The Importance of Intervening Early
Creativity and Special Talents
Applying Developmental Themes to Intelligence and Creativity
ch. 9 Development of Language and Communication Skills
Five Components of Language
Theories of Language Development
The Learning (or Empiricist) Perspective
Focus on Research On the "Invention" of Language by Children
The Interactionist Perspective
The Prelinguistic Period: Before Language
Early Reactions to Speech
The Importance of Intonational Cues
Producing Sounds: The Infant's Prelinguistic Vocalizations
What Do Prelinguistic Infants Know about Language and Communication?
The Holophrase Period: One Word at a Time.
Contents note continued: Early Semantics: Building a Vocabulary
Attaching Meaning to Words
When a Word Is More Than a Word
The Telegraphic Period: From Holophrases to Simple Sentences
A Semantic Analysis of Telegraphic Speech
The Pragmatics of Early Speech
Applying Research to Your Life Learning a Gestural Language
Language Learning during the Preschool Period
Development of Grammatical Morphemes
Mastering Transformational Rules
Development of Pragmatics and Communication Skills
Language Learning During Middle Childhood and Adolescence
Later Syntactic Development
Semantics and Metalinguistic Awareness
Further Development of Communication Skills
Bilingualism: Challenges and Consequences of Learning Two Languages
Applying Developmental Themes to Language Acquisition
pt. IV Social and Personality Development.
Contents note continued: ch. 10 Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment
Displaying Emotions: The Development (and Control) of Emotional Expressions
Recognizing and Interpreting Emotions
Emotions and Early Social Development
Focus on Research Assessing Emotional Competence in Young Children
Temperament and Development
Hereditary and Environmental Influences on Temperament
Attachment and Development
Attachments as Reciprocal Relationships
How Do Infants Become Attached?
Applying Research to Your Life Combating Stranger Anxiety: Some Helpful Hints for Caregivers, Doctors, and Child-Care Professionals
Individual Differences in Attachment Quality
Factors That Influence Attachment Security
Attachment and Later Development
Applying Developmental Themes to Emotional Development, Temperament, and Attachment
Contents note continued: Media Resources
ch. 11 Development of the Self-Concept
How the Self-Concept Develops
Self-Differentiation in Infancy
Self-Recognition in Infancy
"Who Am I?" Responses of Preschool Children
Conceptions of Self in Middle Childhood and Adolescence
Cultural Influences on the Self-Concept
Self-Esteem: The Evaluative Component of Self
Origins and Development of Self-Esteem
Social Contributors to Self-Esteem
Development of Achievement Motivation and Academic Self-Concepts
Early Origins of Achievement Motivation
Achievement Motivation During Middle Childhood and Adolescence
Beyond Achievement Motivation: Development of Achievement Attributions
Applying Research to Your Life Helping the Helpless Achieve
Who Am I to Be? Forging an Identity
Developmental Trends in Identity Formation
How Painful Is Identity Formation?
Influences on Identity Formation
Identity Formation Among Minority Youth.
Contents note continued: The Other Side of Social Cognition: Knowing About Others
Age Trends in Person Perception
Applying Research To Your Life Racial Categorization and Racism in Young Children
Theories of Social-Cognitive Development
Applying Developmental Themes to the Development of the Self and Social Cognition
ch. 12 Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development
Categorizing Males and Females: Gender-Role Standards
Some Facts and Fictions About Sex Differences
Actual Psychological Differences Between the Sexes
Do Cultural Myths Contribute to Sex Differences in Ability (and Vocational Opportunity)?
Developmental Trends in Gender Typing
Development of the Gender Concept
Development of Gender-Role Stereotypes
Development of Gender-Typed Behavior
Theories of Gender Typing and Gender-Role Development
Contents note continued: Money and Ehrhardt's Biosocial Theory of Gender Differentiation and Development
Focus on Research Is Biology Destiny? Sex Assignment Catastrophes
A Psychobiosocial Viewpoint
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
Kohlberg's Cognitive-Developmental Theory
Applications: On Changing Gender-Role Attitudes and Behavior
Applying Developmental Themes to Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development
ch. 13 Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development
The Development of Aggression
Origins of Aggression in Infancy
Developmental Trends in Aggression
Individual Differences in Aggressive Behavior
Cultural and Subcultural Influences on Aggression
Coercive Home Environments: Breeding Grounds for Aggression
Applying Research To Your Life Methods of Controlling Aggression in Young Children.
Contents note continued: Altruism: Development of the Prosocial Self
Developmental Trends in Altruism
Sex Differences in Altruism
Social-Cognitive and Affective Contributors to Altruism
Cultural and Social Influences on Altruism
Who Raises Altruistic Children?
Moral Development: Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Components
How Developmentalists Look at Morality
The Affective Component of Moral Development
The Cognitive Component of Moral Development
The Behavioral Component of Moral Development
Applying Research to Your Life How Should I Discipline My Children?
Applying Developmental Themes to the Development of Aggression, Altruism, and Morality
pt. V The Context of Development
ch. 14 The Context of Development I: The Family
The Ecological Systems Viewpoint
Bronfenbrenner's Contexts for Development
Understanding the Family.
Contents note continued: The Family as a Social System
Families Are Developing Systems
Conclusions About Understanding Families
Parental Socialization During Childhood and Adolescence
Two Major Dimensions of Parenting
Four Patterns of Parenting
Focus on Research Parenting Styles and Developmental Outcomes
Applying Research To Your Life Renegotiating the Parent-Child Relationship During Adolescence
Social Class and Ethnic Variations in Child Rearing
Focus on Research Developmental Surprises from Affluent Parents
The Influence of Siblings and Sibling Relationships
Changes in the Family Systems When a New Baby Arrives
Sibling Relationships over the Course of Childhood
Positive Contributions of Sibling Relationships
Donor Insemination (DI) Families
Family Conflict and Divorce
Applying Developmental Themes to Family Life, Parenting, and Siblings
Contents note continued: ch. 14 Practice Quiz
ch. 15 The Context of Development II: Peers, Schools, and Technology
Peers as Agents of Socialization
Who Is a Peer, and What Functions Do Peers Serve?
The Development of Peer Sociability
Peer Acceptance and Popularity
School as a Socialization Agent
Schooling and Cognitive Development
Applying Research To Your Life Should Preschoolers Attend School?
Determinants of Effective Schooling
Education and Developmental Transitions
The Effects of Television on Child Development
Development of Television Literacy
Focus on Research Do The Mighty Morphin Power Rangers Promote Children's Aggression?
Some Potentially Undesirable Effects of Television
Television as an Educational Tool
Child Development in the Digital Age
Computers in the Classroom
Beyond the Classroom: Benefits of Internet Exposure
Concerns About Computers.
Contents note continued: Final Thoughts on the Context of Development
Applying Developmental Themes to the Context of Development
