Volume 1. International conflicts, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Pacific

Volume 2. The Americas, Europe, and key concepts.

Volume 1. International conflicts, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Pacific. Preface -- Introduction -- Volume 1 list of entries by region -- Volume 1 list of entries by topic -- part 1. International conflicts. 1. Is the world's increasing population stressing the Earth's resources and becoming a major source of conflict? Overview / M. Troy Burnett and Max Lu ; The Earth's "population problem" is overstated and wrong / Jeffery Gentry ; Overpopulation stresses resources, which in turn stresses people / Max Lu -- 2. How have natural resource conflicts led to the demise of past civilizations? Overview / Mia Bennett ; The collapse of Easter Island-a valuable lesson for our modern world / M. Troy Burnett ; Soil and the collapse of the mighty Roman Empire / Mark Hecht -- 3. As the world's population becomes more urbanized, how are cities being designed to avoid conflicts? Overview / Robin Morris Collin and Robert William Collin ; Copenhagen, Bogotá, and Singapore: three inspiring examples of sustainable cities / Roman Adrian Cybriwsky ; Making sustainable cities-the need to focus on transportation / Roman Adrian Cybriwsky -- 4. How have global warming and climate change promoted conflict in pastoral communities? Overview / Troy Sternberg ; Mongolian pastoralism, climate change, and conflict / Ariell Ahearn and Troy Sternberg ; Conflict in Syria-pastoral communities and global warming / Troy Sternberg -- 5. Will air quality be a source of regional conflict? Overview / Mia Bennett ; Conflicts and air pollution-the future is here / Mia Bennett ; Air quality: hardly ever a source of regional conflict / Bryan Comer -- 6. What role does ecotourism play in natural resource conflict? Overview / Barbara McNicol ; Ecotourism: cooperation or bust? / Edward Jackiewicz and Olga Govdyak ; Successful ecotourism: inauthentic tourism experience versus integrating environmental management and conservation / Barbara McNicol -- 7. How do global warming and climate change influence a nation's security policy? Overview / Bruce E. Johansen ; Climate change: an emerging concern of national security / M. Troy Burnett ; War is environmentally obsolete / Bruce E. Johansen -- 8. Is nuclear the right option to avoid future energy conflicts? Overview / Robert Goble and M. Troy Burnett ; How to avoid future energy conflicts? Promote nuclear! / Duane Bratt ; Nuclear energy is a conflict multiplier / M. Troy Burnett -- 9. Could conflicts over water actually promote peace and stability? Overview / J.C. Veilleux and M. Troy Burnett ; Countries do not go to war over water / J.C. Veilleux ; Transboundary water management-some success stories / Mia Bennett -- 10. What steps should be taken to help provide access to clean water for more people in the world? Overview / Dennis Moran and M. Troy Burnett ; Infrastructure first, then better management / Nathan Eidem ; Infrastructure is fine, but we need to focus on regulation, management, and international cooperation / Coralie Noël-- 11. To mitigate conflicts over water, is it better to treat water as a commodity or a human right? Overview / M. Troy Burnett and William Osei ; Water is, and always has been, a commodity / Mark Hecht ; Water should be a human right / John Agnew -- 12. Which water basins are presently sites of the highest potential for conflict? Overview / Mia Bennett ; From Aral Sea to Aral Desert / Mia Bennett ; Moving people, moving earth: the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges Dam / Mia Bennett -- 13. Will the international trade in hazardous waste promote stability or conflict? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Controversy and conflict with the trade in hazardous waste / Tera Trujillo ; International trade of hazardous waste causes stability / Nicole Lomba -- 14. With future conflicts seemingly guaranteed, is a technological breakthrough needed to avert the climate crisis? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Necessity will compel technological innovation / Bruce E. Johansen ; How can society respond to the climate crisis? By changing our own behavior / Benjamin K. Sovacool -- 15. To mitigate conflicts over natural resources, is it better to promote preservation or conservation? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Preservation or conservation, the government must play the key role / Jacqueline Vaughn ; Preservation first! / Peter Jacques -- 16. How does the illicit trade in endangered species promote regional conflict? Overview / Ariana Tran and M. Troy Burnett ; The link between illicit trade in endangered species and regional conflict / Ariana Tran and M. Troy Burnett ; The need for cooperation in the illicit wildlife trade / Cynthia Tafoya and M. Troy Burnett -- 17. Should cultural exceptions be made in whaling laws? Overview / Mia Bennett ; No! A dead whale is still a dead whale / M. Troy Burnett ; In defense of cultural exceptions for whaling / Mia Bennett -- 18. How are issues and conflicts over invasive species being addressed? Overview / Susan L. Woodward and Joyce A. Quinn ; Invasive species-a complex issue with no simple solutions / Joyce A. Quinn ; Prevention, eradication, and education / Susan L. Woodward -- 19. How does the loss of biodiversity promote conflict? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Biodiversity and conflict: issues and resolutions / Jason Macleod ; Conflict in Kenya-the unintended consequences of biodiversity conservation / M. Troy Burnett -- 20. Are debt-for-nature swaps a viable means to promote stability in the developing world? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; A critical view of debt-for-nature swaps / Mia Bennett ; Though far from ideal, debt-for-nature swaps provide one creative solution to the debt-habitat destruction problem / M. Troy Burnett --

Volume 1. part 2. Africa. 21. Was the Rwandan genocide of 1994 a result of conflict over natural resources? Overview / William von Lopik ; The Rwanda genocide: a complex confluence of causal factors / M. Troy Burnett ; The role of environmental factors in the Rwandan genocide / William von Lopik -- 22. What role have natural resources played in the Sudanese civil war? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Oil in the Sudan: a conflict multiplier, not the sole cause / Meredith deBoom ; Conflict in Darfur-the resource perspective / M. Troy Burnett -- 23. Do diamonds have a negative influence on development in Africa? Overview / Laura Kerrigan and Jacob C. Brenner ; Diamond mining and violence on the African continent / Laura Kerrigan and Jacob C. Brenner ; Diamond mining: a positive view / M. Troy Burnett -- 24. Will the mining of coltan in the Congo further destabilize the region? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; The mining of coltan in the DRC: the same sad story of exploitation and conflict / Joseph Oppong and M. Troy Burnett ; With attention and guidance coltan mining can benefit the DRC / Olga Govdyak and Edward Jackiewicz -- 25. How will the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam affect peace in the region? Overview / Jennifer C. Veilleux and M. Troy Burnett ; The contentious GERD: a thorn in the side of Nile basin politics / M. Troy Burnett ; The Renaissance Dam-a platform for peace / Jennifer C. Veilleux -- 26. Does the Kimberley process work? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; The Kimberley process is broken / Meredith DeBoom ; In defense of the Kimberley process / M. Troy Burnett -- 27. How does China's increasing demand for natural resources affect stability in Africa? Overview / Mia Bennett ; China's appetite for resources promotes instability in Africa / Mia Bennett ; The Chinese in Africa-altruistic, no! But benign and potentially stabilizing / M. Troy Burnett -- 28. How have large-scale conservation efforts promoted conflict in sub-Saharan Africa? Overview / M. Troy Burnett and Gregory Maddox ; Conservation development has destabilized Africa / Gregory Maddox ; The promise and the potential of conservation in Africa / Gregory Maddox --

Volume 1. part 3. Asia and the Pacific. 29. Can it be argued that the wealth generated from oil is a primary cause of the disempowerment of women in the Middle East? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Oil, religion, Islamic kinship, and the disempowerment of Middle Eastern women / Kirsten Von Meter ; Oil wealth expands opportunities for women in the Middle East / Natalie Koch

30. Is the Jordan River a source of regional conflict or stability? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; The Jordan River: a source of conflict / Amy Hackney Blackwell ; The Jordan River as a nexus for peaceful cooperation / Chris Hrynkow

31. What impact does control of valuable resources have on politics in the Middle East? Overview / Larry Simpson and M. Troy Burnett ; It's not just about religion, but economics as well / Spencer Tucker ; Oil and water-the resource disputes that contribute to conflicts in the Middle East / Larry Simpson

32. Is China's Green Great Wall an adequate solution to desertification? Overview / Bruce E. Johansen ; The Great Green Wall and its many cracks / Bruce E. Johansen ; The Great Green Wall-a Herculean effort / M. Troy Burnett

33. What conflicts have arisen as a result of China's building of the Three Gorges Dam? Overview / Allen Raichelle ; The environmental conflict over the Three Gorges / Elizabeth J. Leppman ; Though controversial and the source of external and internal conflicts, building the dam was necessary! / Charles Fuller

34. How can conflict be avoided with Japan's fishing industry? Overview / Tracy Dobson and M. Troy Burnett ; Thinking outside the sea: how to reduce conflict with Japanese seafood / Lynn Galvin ; Better management is needed to sustain Japanese fisheries / Riley Walters

35. Is the crisis in Australia's Murray-Darling Basin the result of climate change or the decision and actions of humans? Overview / Bruce E. Johansen ; Australia's drought and changing atmospheric circulation patterns / Bruce E. Johansen ; Human actions are the root of the crisis in the Murray-Darling Basin / Mia Bennett

36. Is sustainable development and conservation or further resource exploitation and conflict the future in Borne? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Tensions mount as destruction of Borneo continues / Bruce E. Johansen ; Development, stability, and conservation are possible in Borneo / Donald Rallis

37. Was the conflict in East Timor, Indonesia, the direct result of natural resources? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; East Timor: a conflict rooted in natural resources / Micah Fisher ; Nationalism, geopolitics, and the bleeding of East Timor / Keith Bettinger

38. Is the resource of the Mekong River Basin a potential for regional conflict? Overview / Jennifer C. Veilleux ; The potential for conflict in the Mekong River Basin / Aaron Williams and M. Troy Burnett ; Cooperation and coordination in the Mekong River Basin / Jennifer C. Veilleux

39. Will the Ganges River be a source of regional conflict between India and Bangladesh? Overview / Mark Hecht ; Ganges River as the source of regional conflict between India and Bangladesh / Edward Jackiewicz ; For now, peace and stability / Mia Bennett

40. How have natural resources caused political instability in post-communist central Asia? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Tensions in post-communist Central Asia-the case of the Ferghana Valley / Mia Bennett ; A fragile stability in Central Asia / Natalie Koch

Glossary

Volume 1 bibliography

About the editors and contributors.

Volume 2. The Americas, Europe, and key concepts. Preface -- Introduction -- Volume 2 list of entries by region -- Volume 2 list of entries by topic -- part 1. North America and Europe. 1. Can future energy conflicts be avoided by the U.S. government's support and promotion of green technologies? Overview / Harry Henderson and M. Troy Burnett ; Governments must take the lead to promote green technologies / Dan L. McNally ; Let markets determine the future of energy / William T. Bogart -- 2. Was the Canadian-Spanish turbot fish conflict an anomaly or a harbinger of things to come? Overview / Mark Hecht ; Canadian turbot war as a sign of things to come / Mark Hecht ; The turbot war-the conflict that has served to minimize conflict / M. Troy Burnett -- 3. How have national park systems fomented conflict with aboriginal peoples? Overview / Barbara McNicol ; National parks and the displacement of aboriginal peoples / Kelly Kay ; Changing relationships: joint management in national parks / Barbara McNicol -- 4. Has Montana mismanaged its resources? Overview / Mark Hecht ; Not-so-pristine Montana-environmental destruction and the mismanagement of natural resources / Mark Hecht ; Mismanagement in Montana-a fault with mining in the United States / Gary Goreham and M. Troy Burnett -- 5. How has environmental justice and toxic racism been a source of social conflict in the United States? Overview / Jason D. MacLeod ; Environmental justice: shaking up the modern environmental movement / Kelly Kay ; Pollution's racist gaze: environmental justice and toxic racism / Gerardo Del Guercio -- 6. To minimize conflict in the circumpolar north, should the Northwest Passage be considered Canadian Sovereign Territory or an international strait? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Pragmatic cooperation to minimize conflict over the Passage / Elizabeth Elliot-Meisel ; You want to minimize conflict...confirm Canada's claim to the Northwest Passage / M. Troy Burnett -- 7. What social conflicts have resulted from the United States' enactment of the Endangered Species act? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; The Endangered Species Act and social conflict / Jason Macleod ; The ESA-a hotbed of conflict / Kelly Kay -- 8. What is the best way to minimize conflict over New England fisheries? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; New strategies for minimizing conflict and restoring New England fisheries / Peter Baker ; The fisherperson's solution: sector management / Eric Brazer Jr. -- 9. What role have international peace parks/transboundary protected areas played in lessening international conflicts? Overview / Jake Brenner ; International peace parks-good for the environment and people / Chris Hrynkow ; Transboundary protected areas-the United States-Mexico case / Jake Brenner -- 10. How has the proposed Keystone Pipeline been a source of conflict between the United States and Canada? Overview / Mia Bennett ; Harsh resistance to the Keystone Pipeline / Bruce E. Johansen ; How Keystone has unnecessarily soured relations between Canada and the United States / Mia Bennett -- 11. Do the benefits of exploiting Alberta's oil sands outweigh the adverse environmental effects and political controversy? Overview / Mia Bennett ; Not worth the headache! / Bruce E. Johansen ; The environmental impacts are high, but the social and economic benefits are worth it / M. Troy Burnett -- 12. What is the primary cause of conflict in the Klamath Basin? Overview / Brian Chaffin ; Conflict in the Klamath Basin: farmers vs. conservationists vs. First Nations / Kelly Kay ; Restoring ecosystem function and repairing communities / Brian Chaffin -- 13. How should the Colorado River Basin be managed to mitigate interstate conflict? Overview / Leann Sullivan ; The difficult task of managing a basin with multiple stakeholders / M. Troy Burnett ; Colorado Basin management-a simmering conflict / Leann Sullivan -- 14. Is the exploitation of Greenland's rare earth elements worth environmental costs? Overview / Mia Bennett ; The mining of Greenland's rare earths-worth the cost / Mark Hecht ; Nunarput utoqqarsuanngoravit (You, our ancient land) / M. Troy Burnett -- 15. Do the economic benefits of hydraulic fracturing outweigh the risks? Overview / David E. Newton ; The benefits of fracking / Bruce Everett ; The high cost of fracking / John Rumpler -- 16. Will global warming and the thawing of the Arctic promote conflict or cooperation? Overview / Bruce F. Johansen and M. Troy Burnett ; The potential for conflict in the Arctic / Betsy Baker ; Warming and the circumpolar north-an optimistic perspective / Barry Zellen -- 17. To avoid conflicts, how should California manage its water resources? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; California water crisis-the need to share the burden / Zachary Smith and Jame Whitmire ; To avoid conflict the environmental issues must be addressed / Grenetta Thomassey -- 18. Will the drilling of oil in the Gulf of Mexico be a source of regional conflict between domestic stakeholders in the United States? Overview / Mia Bennett ; Environmental devastation as the source of conflict in the Gulf of Mexico / Albert C. Hine ; The simmering conflict in the Gulf of Mexico / Mia Bennett --

Volume 2. part 2. Central/South America and the Caribbean. 19. Sitting atop a large oil reserve, how should Ecuador's Yasuní National Park be managed? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Ecuador has little choice: develop the resource! / Ariana Tran and M. Troy Burnett ; Yasuní Park, its biodiversity and people need to be preserved / Cynthia Tafoya and M. Troy Burnett

20. Is the conflict in Chiapas, Mexico, between the Zapatistas and the Mexican government primarily a conflict over natural resources? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; The Chiapas conflict: a battle for indigenous recognition and rights / Lindsay Naylor ; The conflict in Chiapas: the role of natural resources / William Van Lopik

21. How do environmental conditions and resource management explain the different levels of conflict/crisis in Haiti and the Dominican Republic? Overview / Mia Bennett ; Hispaniola: an island divided / Cynthia Tafoya and Edward Jackiewicz ; One island, two separate worlds / M. Troy Burnett and Paul Bartel

22. Is oil the main source of conflict over the Falkland Islands? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; There is no single cause for the ongoing conflict over the Falklands / Camille Gaskin-Reyes ; Oil in the Falklands: a major part of the problem / M. Troy Burnett

23. Was the Mayan civilization brought down by a natural resource crisis? Overview / Peter Matthews and M. Troy Burnett ; The Mayan collapse-a constellation of social and environmental factors / Anabel Ford ; War, disease, famine, natural resources-the usual suspects in the collapse of the Mayan civilization / Joel Palka

24. How did water rights become a source of conflict between the Quechua People and the government in Peru's Colca Valley? Overview / Paul H. Gelles ; Conflict in the Colca-the story of the eleven heroes / Paul H. Gelles ; Compromise and recovery in the Colca Valley / Paul H. Gelles

25. How have plans to build hydroelectric dams in the Patagonia Region been a source of conflict? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Controversies aside, Chile and the region need power / Dawn M. Drake ; Dams in Patagonia-controversial and unsustainable! / Leann Sullivan

26. How should the natural resources of the Amazon rainforest be managed to avoid conflict? Overview / M. Troy Burnett ; Ending the destruction, conserving the forest, and promoting cooperation / Rhett A. Butler ; Awareness of the true value of the rainforest will promote conservation and cooperation / Margaret Lowman

Key concepts

Glossary

Volume 2 bibliography

About the editor and contributors

Index.