1. Introduction 2. Epicurus and Epicurean: Life and works; The scope of Epicurus' philosophy; Theory and knowledge; The structure of things; The motion of atoms and formation of compound bodies; The gods of Epicurus; The soul and mental processes; Freedom of action; Pleasure and happiness; Justice and friendship 3. Scepticism: Pyrrho and Timon

early Pyrrhonism; Academic Scepticism:

Arcesilaus; Academic Scepticism

Carneades 4. Stoicism: I. The Stoa, personalities and sources; II. Stoic philosophy: scope and presentation III. Stoic logic: Theory pf knowledge; Grammatical and linguistic theory; Statements, methods of inference and arguments; The Stoics and Heraclitus IV. The Stoic philosophy of Nature: Historical background; The structure of things: body. Pneuma. Elements; Mixture; Categories; Causation: determination, human action, cosmic evil; The soul and human nature; Human rationality and the passions V. Stoic ethics: The part and the whole; From primary impulse to virtue; The good and preferable (natural advantages); The content of virtue: perfect and intermediate actions; The Stoic sage: tests of virtue 5. Later developments in Hellenistic Philosophy: Panaetius; Posidonius; Antiochus; Cicero 6. Hellenistic Philosophy and the Classical Tradition