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Carlson's history of degeneracy theory, the idea that certain people are biologically disposed to become socially unfit or "degenerate," examines the birth of both good and bad eugenics movements. While good eugenics movements focus on people whose needs may require intense social attention and expensive social investments, bad eugenics movements call for isolation if not eradication and genocide. He brings the history into the present day, where...
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We think of bees as being among the busiest workers in the garden, admiring them for their productivity. But amid their buzzing, they are also great communicators and unusual dancers. As Karl von Frisch (1886-1982) discovered during World War II, bees communicate the location of food sources to each other through complex circle and waggle dances. For centuries, beekeepers had observed these curious movements in hives, and others had speculated about...
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The Eighth Day of Creation is a richly detailed account of how molecular biologists came to understand the fundamental processes of life - in short, how they explained heredity. It is one of the century's most celebrated works of science writing. On its first appearance, in 1979, it received rapturous praise from scientists and the general public for the accuracy, clarity, and vivacity with which it portrays the principal figures and their remarkable...
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"John James Audubon's The Birds of America stands as an unparalleled achievement in American art, a huge book that puts nature dramatically on the page. With that work, Audubon became ... America's first celebrity scientist. In this fresh approach to Audubon's art and science, Gregory Nobles shows us that Audubon's greatest creation was himself. A self-made man incessantly striving to secure his place in American society, Audubon made himself into...
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" ... Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) was an intrepid explorer and the most famous scientist of his age ... Now Andrea Wulf brings the man and his achievements back into focus: his daring expeditions and investigation of wild environments around the world and his discoveries of similarities between climate and vegetation zones on different continents. She also discusses his prediction of human-induced climate change, his remarkable ability to fashion...
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Describes Darwin's work as a naturalist, and presents an intimate portrait of him as a son, brother, father, and husband.
In this volume, John Bowlby presents Charles Darwin - son, brother, husband, and father - in an intimate and human portrait. Bowlby, an eminent British psychologist, forges well past other biographies by showing Darwin not only in his work as a naturalist, but also as a figure in a small but distinguished circle of intellectuals....
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This text explores how science became increasingly important in 19th century British culture and how the systematic study of insects permitted entomologists to engage with the most pressing questions of Victorian times: the nature of God, mind, and governance, and the origins of life.
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Behind Watson's public notoriety as outspoken, abrasive, and ruthless in pursuing his goals, there is a complexity apparent to those who know him as a colleague, mentor, inspiration, and friend. This book gives voice to forty-three of these individuals--people of distinction who have worked with Watson as a scientist, educator, author, administrator, and government official. Their essays cover much of his scientific life and, taken together, create...
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"Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817-1911) was an internationally renowned botanist, a close friend and early supporter of Charles Darwin, and one of the first - and most successful - British men of science to become a full-time professional. He was also, Jim Endersby argues, the perfect embodiment of Victorian science. A vivid picture of the complex interrelationships of scientific work and scientific ideas, Imperial Nature gracefully uses one individual's...
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Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon (1707-1788), was perhaps the most important of Charles Darwin's predecessors, Director of the Royal Botanical Garden, and certainly the premier French scientist of the Enlightenment. Buffon conducted experiments investigating a broad range of questions, from the burning effects of the sun's rays to the tensile strength of timber. His studies of plant life led to his creation of a renowned nursery, his zoological...
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" ... As author Lou Rosenblatt explains, the year 1832 in Darwin's life was crucial for the development of his theory of evolution. A century and a half of study of Darwin, the man, and his work, including close readings of his books, notebooks, letters, and even the books he read, has led to a working appreciation of his genius. The "success" of this account has, however, kept us from seeing several important issues: most notably, why did he pursue...
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On the great Pacific discovery expeditions of the "long eighteenth century", naturalists for the first time were commonly found aboard ships sailing forth from European ports. Lured by intoxicating opportunities to discover exotic and perhaps lucrative flora and fauna unknown at home, these men set out eagerly to collect and catalogue, study and document an uncharted natural world. This enthralling book is the first to describe the adventures and...
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During their lifetimes, Wallace and Darwin shared credit and fame for the independent and near-simultaneous discovery of natural selection. Their rivalry, usually amicable but occasionally acrimonious, forged modern evolutionary theory. Yet today, few people today know much about Wallace. This book explores the controversial life and scientific contributions of the Victorian traveler, scientist and spiritualist. His twelve years of often harrowing...
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"Few people have done as much to change how we view the world as Charles Darwin. Yet On the Origin of Species is more cited than read, and parts of it are even considered outdated. In some ways, it has been consigned to the nineteenth century. In The Theory That Changed Everything, the renowned cognitive scientist Philip Lieberman demonstrates that there is no better guide to the world's living--and still evolving--things than Darwin and that the...
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Charles Darwin is often credited with discovering natural selection, but the idea was not his alone. The naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace, working independently, saw the same process at work and elaborated much the same theory. Their important scientific contributions made both men famous in their lifetimes, but Wallace slipped into obscurity after his death, while Darwin's renown grew. Dispelling the misperceptions that continue to paint Wallace...
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All organisms and species are transitory, yet life endures. The origin, extinction, and evolution of species - interconnected in the web of life as "eternal ephemera"--Are the concern of evolutionary biology. In this riveting work, renowned paleontologist Niles Eldredge follows leading thinkers as they have sought, for more than two hundred years, to understand this paradox, revitalizing evolutionary science with their own, more resilient findings....
17) Catching nature in the act: Réaumur and the practice of natural history in the eighteenth century
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"Natural history in the eighteenth century was many things to many people--diversion, obsession, medically or economically useful knowledge, spectacle, evidence for God's providence and wisdom, or even the foundation of all natural knowledge. Because natural history was pursued by such a variety of people around the globe, with practitioners sharing neither methods nor training, it has been characterized as a science of straightforward description,...
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Charles Darwin and his revolutionary ideas inspired pundits the world over to put pen to paper. In this unique dictionary of quotations, Darwin scholar Thomas F. Glick looks over the shoulders of those who revered- or reviled- the great scientist. What was it about Darwin that generated such widespread interest? Darwin's Origin of the Species changed the world. Naturalists, clerics, politicians, novelists, poets, musicians, economists, and philosophers...
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"Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) was one of the most influential scientists and thinkers of his age. A Prussian-born geographer, naturalist, explorer, and illustrator, he was a prolific writer whose books graced the shelves of American artists, scientists, philosophers, and politicians. Humboldt visited the United States for six weeks in 1804, engaging in a lively exchange of ideas with such figures as Thomas Jefferson and the painter Charles Willson...
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Traces the impact of Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" on a diverse group of writers, abolitionists, and social reformers, including Henry David Thoreau and Bronson Alcott, against a backdrop of growing tensions and transcendental idealism in 1860 America.
"In 1860, Charles Darwin's just-published On the Origin of Species was eagerly read and discussed by five extraordinary American intellectuals. The book first came into the hands of Harvard...
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