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In Critique of judgment (1790), Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) seeks to establish the a priori principles underlying the faculty of judgement, just as he did in his previous critiques of pure and practical reason. The first part deals with the subject of our aesthetic sensibility; we respond to certain natural phenomena as beautiful, says Kant, when we recognise in nature a harmonious order that satisfies the mind's own need for order. The second half...
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Arendt confronts the inadequancy of triditional moral "truths" as standards to judge what we are capable of doing, and she examines anew our ability to distinguish good from evil and right from wrong. Arendt comes to understand that alongside the radical evil she had addressed in earlier analyses of totalitarianism, there exist a more prenicious evil, independent of political ideology, whose execution is limitless when the prepetrator feels no remorse...
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Beyond Moral Judgment claims that even the most perceptive contemporary answers to these questions offer no more than partial illumination, owing to an overly narrow focus on judgments that apply moral concepts (for example, "good," "wrong," "selfish," "courageous") and a corresponding failure to register that moral thinking includes more than such judgments.
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"If philosophy has any business in the world, it is the clarification of our thinking and the clearing away of ideas that cloud the mind. In this book, one of the world's pre-eminent philosophers takes issue with an idea that has found an all-too-prominent place in popular culture and philosophical thought: the idea that while factual claims can be rationally established or refuted, claims about value are wholly subjective, not capable of being rationally...
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In the past thirty years, two fundamental issues have emerged in the philosophy of science. One concerns the appropriate attitude we should take towards scientific theories -- whether we should regard them as true or merely empirically adequate, for example. The other concerns the nature of scientific theories and models and how these might best be represented. This book looks at these two issues together by arguing that theories and models should...
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How do students learn to reason and think about complex issues? This book fills a critical gap in our understanding of a long-neglected facet of the critical thinking process: reflective judgment. Drawing on extensive cross-sectional and longitudinal research, including their own ten-year study, Patricia M. King and Karen Strohm Kitchener detail the series of stages that lay the foundation for reflective thinking, and they trace the development of...
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Questions of Judgment: Determining What's Right opens a new window on knowledge by examining judgment as exercise, an aspect that has received little notice since Aristotle. To label a contentious issue "a question of judgment" is widely regarded as a cognitive put-down that relegates judgment to the realm of the subjective. Challenging this view, F.H. Low-Beer begins by collecting what little has been said about the subject, and uncovers diverse...
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"Michelangelo's Last Judgment was the most criticized and discussed painting of the sixteenth century. The subject of the Last Judgment has been a barometer throughout history of cultural mood. It can be interpreted, as Michelangelo did, as the moment when mortals attain eternal bliss or, in more unsettled times, as the terrifying moment when we face the justice of the Lord and are found wanting. This book explores the context, both historical and...
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"In this lively journey through human psychology, bestselling author and creator of the You Are Not So Smart podcast David McRaney investigates how minds change-and how to change minds. What made a prominent conspiracy-theorist YouTuber finally see that 9/11 was not a hoax? How do voter opinions shift from neutral to resolute? Can widespread social change only take place when a generation dies out? From one of our greatest thinkers on reasoning, HOW...
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How do we think without thinking, seem to make choices in an instant--in the blink of an eye--that actually aren't as simple as they seem? Why are some people brilliant decision makers, while others are consistently inept? Why do some people follow their instincts and win, while others end up stumbling into error? And why are the best decisions often those that are impossible to explain to others? Drawing on cutting-edge neuroscience and psychology,...
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Critical thinking - the capacity to focus your thinking to get the results you need - is the most important factor that determines whether you succeed or fail. Critical Thinking and Clinical Judgment: A Practical Approach to Outcome-Focused Thinking makes the concept of critical thinking come alive. Alfaro-LeFevre's motivational style inspires you to connect with your own inate talents to develop the skills you need to succeed in today's challenging...
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If you are human, you are biased. Bias is natural to the human mind, a survival mechanism that is fundamental to our identity. Ross explores the biases we each carry within us. He explains that most people do not see themselves as biased towards people of different races or different genders, and yet in virtually every area of modern life disparities remain.
If you are human, you are biased. From this fundamental truth, Howard Ross explores the biases...
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At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the focus of philosophy shifted from objective notions of beauty to the subjective concept of taste. In this book, George Dickie traces the development and decline of this mode of thought, critically evaluating the theoretical aims of five key figures in the theory of taste. Dickie looks at the work of Francis Hutcheson, whose inquiries into the origins of pleasure and displeasure led to the first systematic...
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"Human beings have the unique ability to view the world in a detached way: We can think about the world in terms that transcend our own experience or interest, and consider the world from a vantage point that is, in Nagel's words, "nowhere in particular". At the same time, each of us is a particular person in a particular place, each with his own "personal" view of the world, a view that we can recognize as just one aspect of the whole. How do we...
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