WETLAND DEFINITIONS: Shaler's wetland definition (1890) -- Recent scientific definitions -- Regulatory definitions -- Field application of wetland definitions -- WETLAND CONCEPTS FOR IDENTIFICATION AND DELINEATION: How wet is a wetland? -- The significance of "growing season" for defining wetland hydrology -- Are all wetlands at least periodically anaerobic, reduced environments? -- What are common types of wetland hydrology? -- Are wetlands ecotones? -- Do wetlands really become dryland? -- Are some wetlands ephemeral cyclical features on the landscape? -- PLANT INDICATORS OF WETLANDS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS: Environmental changes due to flooding and waterlogging -- Plant adaptations to flooding and waterlogging -- Wetland plants- hydrophytes -- Using plants to identify wetlands -- Using plants to predict environmental conditions in wetlands -- Useful guides for identifying wetland plants -- VEGETATION SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS FOR WETLANDS: Stand identification -- Locating sample areas -- Timing of sampling -- Sampling strata -- Sampling variables -- Basic vegetation sampling techniques -- Exercises in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation --

SOIL INDICATORS OF WETLANDS: Basic soil properties

Waterlogging effects on soil properties

Other effects of flooding on soil development

Factors affecting the color of soil

Wetland soils

Lists of hydric soils and hydric soil map units

Major categories of hydric soils

Lists of U.S. hydric soil indicators

Hydric soil field indicators in the U.S.

Internationally recognized hydric soil properties

Measuring reduction or soil redox potential

Interpreting soil taxonomy to identify potential hydric soils

WETLAND IDENTIFICATION AND BOUNDARY DELINEATION METHODS: Evolution and use of wetland identification and delineation methods

Differing wetland identification and boundary delineation protocols

Wetland delineation methods

National research council findings and recommendations

Wetland delineation tips

Professional judgment

PROBLEM WETLANDS AND FIELD SITUATIONS: Problematic wetland plant communities

Problematic soils

Hydrologically problematic wetlands

Problematic field conditions

National research council recommendations

WETLAND CLASSIFICATION: Features used to classify wetlands

Early ecological classifications

Wetland classification in the U.S.

Wetland classification in Canada

Other wetland classification systems

WETLANDS OF THE U.S.: AN INTRODUCTION, WITH EMPHASIS ON THEIR PLANT COMMUNITIES: Palustrine wetlands

Estuarine wetlands

WETLAND MAPPING AND PHOTOINTERPRETATION: Maps to aid in wetland identification

Wetland photointerpretation.